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Understanding HMPV: Everything You Need to Know

Understanding HMPV: Everything You Need to Know
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in Pulmonology

Jan 21, 2025

For respiratory illnesses we think oftenof familiar suspects, such as the flu or RSV. But, there’s another virus that’s been silentlyaffecting lives: Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV). HMPVis still underrecognized despite its relative commonness. Read on for more about what HMPV is, the symptoms and risks it poses, and how to help yourself and your family avoidits effects. 

Is HMPVMore Than a Cold? 

If you’ve had a lingering cough, runny nose or fever recently and thought you were justcatching a cold, you may have met Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV). Although it has similar symptoms to thecommon cold, HMPV can come on stronger — especially for vulnerable populations. This under-the-radar respiratory virus meritsmore scrutiny than it often receives. 

How Often Does HMPV Occur? 

HMPV is surprisingly common. Almost everyone hasbeen exposed to HMPV by the age of 5, research shows. Though widespread in young children, it’s also particularly problematic for older adults andthose with weakened immune systems. A study from aroundthe world found that HMPV accounts for 5-10% of hospitalizations due to respiratory illnesses each year. Yet few people knowhow much it effects us. 

What Are the Symptoms ofHMPV? 

HMPV symptoms are similar to fluor cold symptoms and include: 

  • Runny or stuffy nose
  • Cough (sometimes persistent) 
  • Fever 
  • Sore throat 
  • Shortness of breath 
  • Wheezing 
  • Fatigue and body aches 

In serious cases, it can result in complicationssuch as pneumonia or bronchiolitis — especially in infants, older adults and people with weakened immune systems. 

What Causes HMPV? 

HMPV is caused by a virus in the Paramyxoviridae family,to which RSV belongs. It transmits through respiratory droplets when an ill person coughs orsneezes. It can also be contracted by touching surfaces that are contaminated and thentouching your eyes, nose or mouth. This virus ismost active late winter and early spring. 

Who Is Most at Risk for HMPV? 

While anyonecan get HMPV, some groups are at increased risk: 

  • Infants andYoung Children: They are vulnerable due to their developing immune systems. 
  • Older Adults: Immunosenescence (natural dulled immune response withage) renders people more vulnerable. 
  • Patients With a Chronic Illness: Patients with asthma, COPDor heart disease are at increased risk to the severe manifestations of the disease. 
  • Immunocompromised Persons: Those with weakened immunity, including cancer patients and organ transplant recipients, are particularlyat risk. 

What Are the Risks of HMPV? 

While HMPV typicallyresolves within 1-2 weeks in most individuals. However, complications may arise in someinstances, including: 

  • Bronchiolitis (inflammation ofthe small airways) 
  • Pneumonia 
  • Delayingtreatment could lead to conditions worsening, for instance asthma or heart failure. 

In its most extreme forms, particularly amonghigh-risk groups, it can result in hospitalization or even death. 

How Do Doctors Diagnose HMPV? 

HMPV can be difficult to diagnosebecause its symptoms overlap with other respiratory illnesses. Here’s what healthcareproviders generally do: 

  • Clinical examination: A doctorwill check for symptoms and medical history. 
  • PCR Test: A nasal or throat swab can be tested for HMPVDNA. 
  • ChestX-Rays: Check for complications such as pneumonia. 

How Is HMPV Treated? 

There isn’t a specificantiviral: for HMPV. Management of Ovarian CancerTreatment depends on the type, extent, and severity of symptoms. 

  • Rest and Fluids:Your body needs a lot more fluids than usual. 
  • Over-the-Counter Medications: For fever,pain, and congestion. 
  • Hospital Setting: For severe cases, oxygen therapyor mechanical ventilation might be needed. 

When Should You See a Doctor? 

Don’t overlook severeor worsening symptoms. Call for help if you orsomeone you know has: 

  • Difficulty breathing 
  • Unrelenting highfever
  • Persistent coughing 
  • Signs of dehydration (e.g., dry mouth,less urination than usual) 
  • Lethargy or confusion 

If you have any of these symptoms or require specialized care,Paras Hospitals can help you. Our highly skilled healthcare providers and advanced facilities ensure that we are prepared for the care of respiratory conditions such asHMPV. Come see us, or schedule an appointment today to make sure you’rein safe hands! 

How Can You Prevent HMPV? 

There’s no vaccine availableyet, so prevention is key. Here’s what you can do: 

  • Ensure proper hygienic protection:Hand washing with soap and water is a must. 
  • Disinfect Surfaces: Regularly cleanhigh-touch areas, such as doorknobs and phones. 
  • Avoid Close Contact: Keep yourdistance from sick people 
  • Cover Your Mouth: Use your bent elbow or a tissuewhen you cough or sneeze. 
  • Stay Home When Sick: For the sake of avoiding spreading the virus to otherpeople. 

Any questions about how to prevent and manage the respiratory diseases please contact ParasHospitals. Our experts are here to help you stay healthy andwell. 

Important Data andInteresting Facts 

  • HMPV accounts for close to20% of respiratory hospitalizations in children. 
  • The virus’s seasonality (it peaks in late winter) mirrorsthat of RSV, which causes viral co-infections. 
  • Researchdemonstrates HMPV can survive on surfaces for hours, underlining the need for surface disinfection. 

UnderstandingHMPV can help you take proactive measures to protect yourself and your family. Always be hygienic and considergoing to the doctor if you feel that you should. Paras Hospitals specializes in the management of respiratory health–the lungs andairways. We are here to help you and your family remain healthy and safe so please contactus today! 

 

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