Dialysis: What It Is, How It Works, Types, Risks, and More
Feb 20, 2025
Are you or someone you love living with kidney disease? If so, you may not know what comes next. Dialysis is a lifeline when the kidneys no longer function well. It filters waste, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood, essentially doing the job of the kidneys. But what many don’t know is that there’s much more to dialysis than meets the eye.
In this informative but easy-to-understand guide, we’ll provide a breakdown of everything you need to understand about dialysis: the types, how it functions, risks involved, and even some fun little-known facts not featured on most websites. Let’s dive in!
Why Do People Need Dialysis and What Is It?
Your kidneys are hard at work, 24/7, as powerful filters that remove waste, toxins and excess fluid from your blood. But when they’re derailed by chronic kidney disease (CKD) or injury, harmful toxins accumulate in the body. That’s where dialysis comes in — it’s an artificial kidney, helping your body keep balance.
More than 1.5 lakh individuals in India require dialysis every year, with chronic kidney disease emerging as a silent epidemic. But a lot of people aren’t clear about what their options are.
Dialysis Types: Which Is Best for You?
There are two primary types of dialysis, and the option chosen is contingent on a patient’s personal preference, medical condition and lifestyle.
HD – The Most Common Type Hemodialysis
If you’ve heard of dialysis, it’s likely in reference to hemodialysis. This procedure is typically performed at a dialysis center, but some individuals are eligible for at-home treatments.
How It Works:
- The machine draws blood out of the body, which then flows through the dialysis machine.
- A filter (dialyzer) cleans waste and extra fluids.
- The cleaned blood is sent back to the body.
- Each session takes 3-5 hours and it is done three times a week.
Pros:
- Flushes away the waste and toxins.
- Conducted in a medical facility.
- Advanced kidney failure patient friendly.
Cons:
- Needs lots of trips to the clinic
- Has potential side effects of dizziness and blood sneaking.
- Infections risk at the access site.
Peritoneal Dialysis (PD)- A More Adaptable Option
Peritoneal dialysis is a more independent home treatment.
How It Works:
- An abdominal catheter is inserted.
- A special fluid (dialysate) is injected into the abdominal cavity and absorbs toxins, waste, etc.
- The used fluid is removed and replaced with fresh dialysate several times a day.
Types of Peritoneal Dialysis:
- Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD): Performed manually 3–5 times/day.
- Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD): It is done overnight with the machine doing all the work while the patient sleeps.
Pros:
- Can be done at home.
- Provides greater freedom and flexibility.
- Fewer dietary restrictions.
Cons:
- Risk of peritonitis (infection of the abdominal cavity).
- It is not for everyone; you must be committed to hygiene and routine
- Not for use in patients with abdominal conditions.
Dialysis Risks and Side Effects
Although dialysis is life-saving, it is not without risks. Knowledge of these side effects can allow for better patient preparedness and management of their condition.
Common Risks:
- Drugs against infectious diseases: Low blood pressure, which may cause dizziness or nausea, is common in hemodialysis.
- Fatigue: Patients often find themselves spent after sessions.
- Infections: Increased risk of access site or peritoneal cavity infections.
- Muscle Cramps: Due to shifts in fluid and electrolytes.
Lesser-Known Risks:
- Dialysis-Related Amyloidosis: Long-term dialysis can cause protein deposits to accumulate in joints, leading to stiffness.
- Heart Disease: Fluid retention and fluctuation in blood pressure in dialysis patients often triggers heart problems.
- Weak Bones: Kidney failure leads to calcium-phosphorus imbalances, resulting in a higher chance of breaking bones.
- Mental Health Issues: Depression and anxiety among dialysis patients are common but underappreciated.
Let us look at some shocking Dialysis Statistics
- 2.5 million people worldwide depend on dialysis, and this will double in the next 10 years.
- Each year over 200000 new dialysis patients are added in India and only 30% have access to appropriate treatment because of its cost and availability.
- Evidence shows home dialysis (whether peritoneal or home hemodialysis) improves quality of life and survival compared to in-center hemodialysis.
What Most Websites Won’t Tell You About Dialysis
- Diet and Fluid Restrictions Matter More Than You Think
- Excess potassium, sodium, or phosphorus can worsen kidney function.
- Overdrinking fluids can lead to severe swelling and breathing issues.
- Dialysis Can Impact Mental Health
- Many patients experience depression and anxiety.
- Support groups and therapy can significantly improve quality of life.
- Exercise Can Improve Dialysis Outcomes
- Dialysis Dementia is a Rare but Real Condition
- Long-term dialysis can, in some cases, lead to cognitive decline.
Expert Explainer: Does Dialysis Last Forever?
Dialysis is not a cure — it is a treatment that manages kidney failure. But acute kidney injury does not have to be irreversible; with proper care some patients can reverse the damage, and some patients are candidates for kidney transplantation, which is a long-term solution.
If you’re on dialysis, make sure you team up with your doc to:
- Track blood pressure and heart health
- Maintain calcium, phosphorus, and potassium levels
- Follow a renal-friendly diet to preserve your kidneys big time
How to Live Well on Dialysis
Dialysis doesn’t mean giving up on a fulfilling life. Here are tips to maintain a good quality of life:
- Eat a kidney-friendly diet: Limit sodium, potassium, and protein.
- Stay Active: Gentle movement such as walking or yoga can increase energy levels.
- Manage Stress: Emotional well-being is key, so therapy and support groups are also important.
- It is essential for dialysis patients to avoid getting an infection.
- Remember a kidney transplant: Dialysis is a treatment, not a cure — transplants provide a long-term solution.
Take Control of Your Kidney Health with Paras Hospitals
Living with kidney disease isn’t simple, but you don’t have to go through it alone. We provide a variety of services at Paras Hospitals:
- State-of-the-art hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis units
- Renowned nephrologists & dialysis units specialists
- Customized treatment plans that suit your lifestyle
- Pre-evaluation assistance for kidney transplants
👉 Don’t wait! Consult today to take charge of your renal health.
Final Thoughts
Dialysis is a vital treatment for kidney failure, but understanding its types, risks, and advancements empowers you to make informed decisions. Whether you’re considering hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or a kidney transplant, staying informed is key to managing your health effectively.
Take control of your kidney health today! Consult a specialist at Paras Hospitals and explore the best treatment options for you or your loved one.
Need expert kidney care? Call us at 8080808069 to book a consultation today!
