What is Pneumonia? Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Pneumonia is one of the deadliest diseases that affects millions of people around the globe. When we inhale pollutants into our lungs and our immune system works day and night to keep us healthy, we need to be aware of serious illnesses such as pneumonia. So, what exactly is pneumonia, and why should you care about it? Let's dive into the details to better understand this condition that affects millions of people worldwide.

What is Pneumonia?

Pneumonia is an infection of the lung that leads to inflammation in the air sacs, called alveoli, in the one or both lungs. Fluid or pus may accumulate in these air sacs resulting in symptoms like coughing, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. Anyone can develop pneumonia, but it is particularly more dangerous in young children, older adults, and a weakened immune system. 
In straightforward words, pneumonia complicates the simple functioning of your lungs, which is to pump in oxygen into your bloodstream and take away carbon dioxide. This makes one feel tired, breathless, and not feel well. 

What Causes Pneumonia?

Pneumonia may be caused by various infectious agents, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and even parasites. Here's the breakdown of common causes:

1. Bacterial Pneumonia
   
   • Bacteria account for a major proportion of pneumonia cases, especially in adults. The most common causative bacterial agent is Streptococcus pneumoniae, though some other bacteria such as Haemophilus influenzae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae can also contribute to it. 
     
2. Viral Pneumonia
   
   • Causes of pneumonia include viruses, including influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) etc; even the newer COVID-19 virus can cause pneumonia. Viral pneumonia tends to be less severe than bacterial, but can lead to complications that are life-threatening in vulnerable individuals. 
     
3. Fungal Pneumonia
   • Pneumonia caused by fungus is not common and affects the immunocompromised mostly. Fungal pneumonias result from Histoplasma, Cryptococcus, and Coccidioides, particularly for people in the region and also for tourists who visit that place. 
     
4. Aspiration Pneumonia
   • It is when you inhale food, drink, vomit, or saliva into the lungs. You could be unable to swallow due to some difficulty with swallowing, or you may have been drinking or taking drugs and have fainted.

What Are the Symptoms of Pneumonia?

The symptoms of pneumonia can vary from mild to severe, depending on the cause and the general health of the person affected. Here are some of the common symptoms:

• Cough: There is a constant cough that could be accompanied by mucus that is yellowish, green, or even streaked with blood.
• Fever: Most people have high fever, sometimes accompanied by chills and sweats.
• Shortness of Breath: It is usually a symptom characterized by difficulty in breathing, especially during physical activity.
• Chest Pain: Sharp or stabbing chest pain that worsens when you breathe deeply or cough.
• Fatigue: Feeling unusually tired and weak.
• Loss of Appetite: Many people with pneumonia experience a reduced appetite.
• Nausea or Vomiting: Some individuals, especially children, may experience nausea and vomiting.

In elderly patients, the symptoms are not so prominent; it might include confusion or lower-than-normal body temperature. Attention must be paid to these symptoms, especially in the high-risk group.

How Is Pneumonia Diagnosed?

If you or a family member develops signs of pneumonia, see your doctor. The following are common ways to diagnose pneumonia:

• Medical History and Physical Exam: The doctor will ask about your symptoms, medical history, and perform a physical exam. They will listen to your lungs using a stethoscope to check for abnormal sounds.
• Chest X-ray: An X-ray can reveal the presence and extent of the infection in the lungs.
• Blood Tests: Blood tests can help identify the type of infection and the severity.
• Sputum Test: A sample of mucus from your lungs can be analyzed to determine the cause of the infection.
• Pulse Oximetry: This test measures the oxygen level in your blood to see if your lungs are delivering enough oxygen.

Who is at Risk for Pneumonia?

While anyone can get pneumonia, some people are at a higher risk:

• Infants and young children
• Older adults (65 years and older)
• People with chronic illnesses like asthma, diabetes, or heart disease
• People with weakened immune systems
• Smokers
• People who are hospitalized, especially those on ventilators

How is Pneumonia Treated?

The treatment for pneumonia depends on the type of pneumonia and the severity of the infection. Here are the main treatment options:

1. Bacterial Pneumonia
   • Bacterial pneumonia is usually treated with antibiotics. It is advisable to complete the entire course of taking antibiotics, even once you begin feeling well, to ensure that infections are cleared.
2. Viral Pneumonia
   • Antibiotics don't function against viruses; thus, viral pneumonia is normally treated with rest, fluid intake, and over-the-counter medications to alleviate symptomatology. In some instances, antiviral drugs can be prescribed.
3. Fungal Pneumonia
   • Fungal pneumonia requires antifungal drugs that might be necessary for a prolonged period, depending on the case.
4. Hospitalization
   • Hospitalization may be required if it is severe. Patients may need oxygen therapy, intravenous antibiotics, or even mechanical ventilation if they can't breathe well.

Can Pneumonia be Prevented?

The good news is that pneumonia can often be prevented with simple measures:

• Vaccination: Get vaccinated against pneumococcal pneumonia and the flu. These vaccines can significantly reduce your risk.
• Good Hygiene: Wash your hands regularly to prevent the spread of germs.
• Quit Smoking: Smoking damages the lungs and makes them more susceptible to infections.
• Healthy Lifestyle: Eat a balanced diet, exercise regularly, and get enough sleep to keep your immune system strong.
• Stay Away from Ill People: Keep away from other people when you are ill, especially in winter and during flu season.

When to See a Doctor

See a doctor if you:

• Feel like you cannot breathe
• Chest pain that does not go away
• Severe headache that does not improve
• You are confused or you are less responsive than usual
• Persistent coughing with coloured mucus
• High-risk people should err on the side of caution and consult a doctor early enough.

Why Choose Paras Health for Pneumonia Treatment?

At Paras Health, we realize that pneumonia is a potentially dangerous and life-threatening condition. Our team of expert pulmonologists and healthcare professionals is equipped with state-of-the-art facilities to provide comprehensive care for patients suffering from pneumonia.

• Expert Diagnosis and Treatment: From proper diagnosis to individualized treatment plans, our doctors ensure you get the best possible care.
• Super Specialized Advanced Technology: Pneumonia has the most complicated cases, yet our hospitals offer the most superior diagnostic tools and treatment options available.
• Patient-Friendly Care: At Paras Health, we maintain the highest degree of patient safety and well-being in our care and ensure a speedy recovery process for our patients. Book an appointment today.

If you or someone you love is experiencing some signs of pneumonia, don't wait. Visit Paras Health for professional medical care. Our specialists are here to help you breathe easy and get back in shape. Book your appointment today!