Kidney Stone - Surgery & Treatment

Renal Stone and Its Treatment

Renal stone is one of the common genitourinary diseases and affects nearly in 1 in 2 individual patients in India.

Stone disease also has been linked to systematic conditions. Hypertension and diabetes have been associated with increased risk of stone disease.

With the increase in   prevalence of stone disease, the cost associated with diagnosis, surgery and follow ups has also risen. Majority of the people get detected with stone disease at complicated levels due to ignorance.

Types of Kidney Stones:

Kidney Stones can be classified as non infectious, infectious and drug related. There are a number of reasons associated with each and the treatment plan also differs according to the type and the location of the kidney stone.

• Non Infection Stones:
  •  Calcium  Oxalate (mono/di)
  •  Calcium Phosphate
  •  Uric Acid
• Infection Stones
  • Magnesium ammonium Phosphate.
  • Carbonate apatite
  • Ammonium Urate
• Genetic Causes
  • Cystine
  • Xanthine
  • 2-8 dihydroxyadenine
• Drug Stone

Diagnoses of Kidney Stone:

Diagnosis –MCCT should be used to confirm stone diagnosis in a patient with acute flank pain. Basic lab tests are also recommended by the doctors: Urine Routine & Microscopy. Serum, Uric Acid, Creatine Ionized, Calcium, Blood Cell Count.

Management of Kidney Stone:

• Pain Relief – NSAID are effective in Patient with acute renal.
• Facilitation of Stone passage – Alfa Blocker,Tamsulosim.
• Management of Sepsis in obstructed Kidney- Obstructed kidney- UTI is a surgical emergency.
• Urgent decompression is necessary to prevent further complication .

Complications that suggest a Surgical Treatment option for Kidney Stone:

• Indication.
• Stone growth.
• Obstruction caused by stone.
• Recurrent Infection.
• Large Stone>6mm  if Observation.
• Patient preference fails.

Types of surgery for treating Kidney Stones:

• Eswl
• Lithotripsy
• RIRS Laser Lithotripsy
• PCNL

The type of surgery is recommended by the doctor based on your health conditions and other parameters.